Commonly used Math library functions.

Function	Purposes
ceil(x)	Rounds x to the smallest integer not less than x ceil (8.1) = 9.0 and ceil (-8.8) = -8.0
cos(x)	Trigonometric cosine of x (x in radians)
exp(x)	Exponential function ex
fabs(x)	Absolute value of x If x>0 then abs(x) is x If x=0 then abs(x) is 0.0 If x<0 then abs(x) is -x
floor(x)	Rounds x to the largest integer not greater than x floor (8.2) = 8.0 and floor (-8.8 = -9.0)
log(x)	Natural logarithm of x(base e)
log10(x)	Logarithm of x (base 10)
pow(x,y)	x raised to power y (xy)
sin(x)	Trigonometric sine of x (x in radians)
sqry(x)	Square root of x
tan(x)	Trigonometric tangent of x (x in radians)

New header files included in ANSI C++.

Header File	Contents and Purpose
<utility>	Contains classes and functions that are used by many standard library header files.
<vector>, <list>, <deque>, <queue>, <set>, <map>, <stack>, <bitset>	The header files contain classes that implement the standard library containers. Containers store data during a program's execution.
<functional>	Contains classes and functions used by algorithm of the standard library.
<memory>	Contains classes and function used by the library to allocate memory to the standard library contains.
<iterator>	Contains classes for manipulating data in the standard library containers.
<algorithm>	Contains functions for manipulating data in the standard library containers.
<exception>, <stdexcept>	This header files contains classes that are used for exception handling.
<string>	Contains the definitions of class string from the standard library.
<sstream>	Contains function prototypes for functions that perform input from string in memory and output to string in memory.
<locale>	Contains classes and functions normally used by stream processing to process data in the natural form for different languages (e.g., monetary formats, sorting strings, character presentation.)
<limits>	Contains a class for defining the numerical data type limits on each computer platform.
<typeinfo>	Contains classes for run-time type identification (determining data types at execution time).